Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – Top Gynecologists in Queens, NY

PCOS is a common hormonal imbalance in women of reproductive age. It disrupts the menstrual cycle, leading to infrequent or prolonged periods, and often results in elevated androgen levels. The ovaries may develop multiple small cysts, which are follicles containing immature eggs that fail to ovulate regularly. While the precise cause remains unclear, timely diagnosis and intervention, including weight loss if needed, are crucial to minimizing the risk of serious complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Symptoms

PCOS symptoms can begin around puberty or develop later. Diagnosis requires at least two of the following: irregular menstruation (infrequent, prolonged, or unpredictable periods, potentially leading to fertility issues), excess androgen (causing hirsutism, acne, or male-pattern baldness), and polycystic ovaries (enlarged ovaries with multiple follicles, indicating ovulation dysfunction). Symptom severity varies.

The symptoms of PCOS vary. A diagnosis of PCOS is made when you have at least two of these:

Irregular periods:

• Infrequent periods (fewer than nine per year): This means you may skip periods for months at a time.
• Prolonged periods (lasting longer than usual): Your menstrual flow may continue for an extended duration.
• Cycles longer than 35 days: The time between your periods is consistently longer than the typical cycle.
• Difficulty getting pregnant (infertility): Irregular ovulation makes it harder to conceive.
• Some women may experience very heavy bleeding when they do have a period.

Excess androgen (hyperandrogenism):

• Hirsutism (excessive hair growth on face and body): This often appears in a male-pattern distribution, such as on the face, chest, and back.
• Severe acne: Hormonal imbalances can lead to persistent and difficult-to-treat acne.
• Male-pattern baldness (androgenic alopecia): Thinning hair or hair loss at the temples and crown of the head.
• Oily skin.

Polycystic ovaries:

• Enlarged ovaries: The ovaries may be larger than normal due to the presence of multiple follicles.
• Multiple follicles containing immature eggs: Numerous small, fluid-filled sacs (follicles) develop on the outer edge of the ovaries, but these follicles rarely mature and release eggs.
• Impaired ovulation: The ovaries don’t consistently release eggs, leading to irregular or absent ovulation.
• It is important to note that some women with PCOS do not have polycystic ovaries.

Diagnosis requires the presence of at least two of these criteria. Symptom severity varies significantly from person to person. It is also important to note that other conditions can mimic PCOS symptoms.

When to see a doctor

If you’re experiencing irregular periods, struggling to become pregnant, or noticing symptoms like increased facial or body hair, acne, or hair loss consistent with male-pattern baldness, schedule an appointment with your doctor.

Find the Best OBGYN located in Queens, NY at Medex Diagnostic and Treatment Center. OBGYNs specialize in women’s reproductive health, focusing on obstetrics (pregnancy and childbirth) and gynecology (the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of conditions related to the female reproductive system). Gynecologist in Queens at Medex DTC provide care through all stages of life, including routine check-ups, prenatal care, delivering babies, and managing issues like hormonal disorders, infertility, and menopause. Women who trust their doctor can discuss issues that are otherwise embarrassing. When it comes to symptoms affecting your reproductive system, especially if you’re pregnant or plan on having children, you need answers. Prevent problems as you move through the inevitable female physical changes in life; call today for an appointment.

Causes

While the exact cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is still being investigated, these factors are thought to play a significant role:

• Insulin Resistance: The body’s cells don’t respond effectively to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar. To compensate, the pancreas produces more insulin, which can then stimulate the ovaries to produce excess androgens. This hormonal imbalance disrupts ovulation. Visible signs of insulin resistance can include darkened skin patches (acanthosis nigricans), increased hunger, and weight gain.
• Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation: Research indicates that women with PCOS often experience persistent, low-level inflammation. This inflammatory state appears to promote androgen production by the ovaries, and it may also increase the risk of cardiovascular problems.
• Genetic Predisposition: Studies suggest that certain genes may increase susceptibility to PCOS. Therefore, having a family history of the condition can be a contributing factor.
• Hyperandrogenism (Excess Androgen): In PCOS, the ovaries often produce abnormally high levels of androgens. This excess of male hormones interferes with the normal development and release of eggs (ovulation), and it also leads to symptoms like excessive hair growth (hirsutism) and acne.

Complications

Complications of PCOS can include:

• Infertility
• Gestational diabetes or pregnancy-induced high blood pressure
• Miscarriage or premature birth
• Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis — a severe liver inflammation caused by fat buildup in the liver
• Metabolic syndrome — a cluster of conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and unhealthy cholesterol or triglyceride levels that significantly increase your risk of heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease
• Type 2 diabetes or prediabetes
• Sleep apnea
• Depression, anxiety and eating disorders
• Cancer of the uterine lining (endometrial cancer)

Obesity commonly occurs with PCOS and can worsen complications of the disorder.

FAQ

1. I’ve been experiencing irregular periods and increased facial hair. Could these be signs of PCOS, and what steps should I take to get a diagnosis?

Yes, irregular periods and increased facial hair are common symptoms of PCOS. Steps to take: Schedule an appointment with your doctor or a gynecologist. Be prepared to discuss your medical history and symptoms. Your doctor may perform a pelvic exam, blood tests to check hormone levels, and an ultrasound to examine your ovaries.

2. How does PCOS affect my fertility, and what are my options if I’m having trouble getting pregnant?

PCOS can disrupt ovulation, making it harder to conceive. Options: Lifestyle changes (weight loss, healthy diet, exercise) can improve ovulation. Medications like clomiphene or letrozole can stimulate ovulation. Metformin can improve insulin resistance and may help with ovulation. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an option for some women.

3. My doctor mentioned insulin resistance as a factor in PCOS. What does that mean, and how can I manage it?

Insulin resistance means your body’s cells don’t respond well to insulin, leading to high insulin levels. Management: Healthy diet (low in processed foods and sugars). Regular exercise. Medications like metformin.

4. I’ve heard that PCOS increases the risk of other health problems. What long-term complications should I be aware of, and how can I reduce my risk?

Complications: type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endometrial cancer, sleep apnea, mental health disorders. Risk reduction: maintain a healthy weight, regular exercise, healthy diet, regular checkups with your doctor.

5. What lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, can help me manage my PCOS symptoms?

Diet: focus on whole foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats, limit processed foods, sugary drinks, and refined carbohydrates. Exercise: aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, include strength training.

6. Are there any medications or treatments that can help regulate my periods and reduce excess hair growth?

Medications: birth control pills can regulate periods and reduce androgen levels, anti-androgen medications like spironolactone can reduce excess hair growth, metformin. Treatments: laser hair removal, electrolysis.

7. Is PCOS hereditary? If my mother or sister has it, what are my chances of developing it?

There’s a genetic component to PCOS. Having a family history increases your risk.

8. I’m struggling with anxiety and depression, and I’ve read that they’re common in women with PCOS. How can I address these mental health concerns?

Mental health concerns are common with PCOS. Address them: talk to your doctor, consider therapy or counseling, explore support groups.

9. What are the different types of tests that are used to diagnose PCOS?

To diagnose PCOS you will need to get the following tests: pelvic exam, blood tests (hormone levels, glucose levels, lipid levels), pelvic ultrasound.