What is a colposcopy?
A colposcopy is a medical procedure used to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. A healthcare provider uses a special instrument called a colposcope, which magnifies and illuminates the area for better visualization.
This procedure is often recommended if a Pap smear or HPV test shows abnormal results, or if there are other signs or symptoms that warrant further evaluation. During a colposcopy, the provider may take a biopsy (a small tissue sample) for laboratory analysis to determine the presence of precancerous changes, infections, or other conditions.
It is a relatively quick and typically low-risk procedure performed in a doctor’s office.
Any time your doctor informs you that there’s a need for furthering tests, it can be frightening. But to make the most accurate diagnosis, every specialist knows that certainty comes from learning as much as possible. No treatment can begin without an accurate diagnosis.
Sometimes, specialist wants to confirm an initial diagnosis. Other times, the doctor may need to rule out other conditions. Regardless, when a gynecologist needs to obtain a clearer picture of your cervix or vagina, the accepted technique is to use a specialized magnifying lens with a light in a procedure called a colposcopy.
Why Would My Doctor Recommend a Colposcopy?
Several possible symptoms and conditions may warrant further testing with a colposcopy. For the test to be effective, make sure you have the test when you’re not menstruating. Avoid it if you think you may be pregnant, as well. The symptoms that may lead to a colposcopy include:
- Genital warts, as these often indicate a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which places you at a higher risk for cervical cancer
- Unusual or increased bleeding
- Non-cancerous or pre-cancerous growths called polyps
- Inflamed cervical tissue
The goal of observation tests such as a colposcopy is to quickly diagnose and treat any unusual tissue changes. Early detection and care always increase the chance of successful treatment outcomes. If you’re suffering from acute inflammation, a colposcopy may not be appropriate. If your gynecologist suspects pelvic inflammatory disease, other tests are recommended.